Interesting Facts About Rechargeable Lithium-ion Batteries
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Interesting Facts About Rechargeable Lithium-ion Batteries
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The burgeoning electronics and communications industry and the move towards a digital global economy are powered by batteries that are getting progressively lighter, thinner, smaller, and more powerful with time. Lithium-ion batteries lead this charge (pun intended) with the global demand for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries forecasted to exceed USD 60 billion by 2024, while the global L-I battery production capacity is forecasted to reach 174-gigawatt hours by 2020. China will lead this production with a 62% market share, followed by the United States at 22%.
Here’s an overview of some exciting and not-so-known facts and figures about advanced rechargeable batteries. We’ll shed some light on the technological advancements in the battery manufacturing process, focusing on innovation in the chemical science behind Lithium-ion batteries, materials used, production capacity, and more.
Rechargeable Lithium Batteries are eco-friendly, sustainable, low-cost, and meet all the requirements of energy and resource efficiency norms stipulated to grow green economies. Feasible recycling of secondary lithium batteries, as they produce non-hazardous waste, is another reason for their adoption and promotion as the future battery power packs. Discarded batteries can be safely used as landfill.
The advent of lithium-ion batteries in 1991 brought about disruptive changes to the electronics industry, expediting the metamorphosis from bulky, immovable electronic equipment to lighter, longer-lasting, electronic devices powered by rechargeable batteries. Today, portable Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE) are the main drivers behind innovation in the Lithium-ion battery industry. Energy storage systems and automotive applications like EVs/HEVs come in a close second.
Scientific Research on Rechargeable Lithium-ion Batteries
Scientific experimentation mainly concerns itself with improving the energy density, cell potential, and battery capacity. These correlate directly with the inherent chemical composition and interactions between -/+ electrodes and electrolytes.
LiCoO2 is the combination of electrode-electrolysis-electrode most widely used in the manufacturing of L-I batteries due to its efficient Lithium de-intercalating (atom expulsion from a lattice) and intercalating mechanism, thermal stability, high cycling performance, and low discharge rate. This was the same composition used by Sony when it first introduced Lithium-Ion batteries.
Recent advancements have focused on the use of hybrid materials in anode and cathode compositions, as well as experimenting with more efficient electrolytes.
- Electric vehicles, the aviation sector, and power tools rely on specific high energy and durable lithium-ion batteries with manganese, nickel, a.k.a NMC Anodes, or Lithium Iron Phosphate - LFP Anodes with Lithium titanate cathodes.
- Hybrid electric vehicles, laptops, and mobiles rely on Manganese incorporated Lithium-Ion batteries or LMOs, with Cobalt/Tin negative electrodes.
- Smartphone manufacturers have adopted the use of silicon-based negative electrodes with graphite bindings for increased cell capacity in rechargeable Lithium-ion batteries.
- Thermal decomposition and hydrolysis are the two electrolyte decomposition mechanisms most widely used in the manufacture of Lithium-ion batteries, while Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) is the most favored electrolyte.
- The use of hybrid polymer electrolytes or plasticizers like polyethylene glycol ethers has improved cell conductivity by an impressive magnitude, advancing the technology on gel-based electrolytes used previously.
- The addition of nanoparticle filters, like titanium oxide, to plasticizers, further raises the magnitude of conductivity, bestowing advantages like a more stable Li-ion interface, and improved ion mobility.
Production Challenges
- Regulating the mining, production, and usage of Cobalt - the critical stabilizing agent in Lithium-ion batteries, and mitigating its associated social and environmental risks, is a challenge to the manufacturing process.
- Enforcing safety practices, human rights safeguards in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where two-thirds of the global supply of Cobalt comes from, and upholding ethical consumer standards while maintaining production levels will require significant political lobbying and implementing policy changes. Blockchain has emerged as a reliable alternative solution to track and streamline Cobalt production.
- The rising cost of Cobalt is another issue that needs to be addressed to maintain current production levels going at low resource costs.
- Dendrite growth and accumulation on Lithium's surface after successive recharging cycles is a safety issue that’s still being worked upon. Research in nanotechnology and polymer electrolytes looks promising in reducing dendrite formation, improving conductivity, and eliminating short circuits.
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries' performance has improved at an annual average of 7.5% in the last decade. With widespread usage in heavy industries like power grids to potable electronics, home appliances to AI, blockchain, and data center grids, secondary Li-ion batteries aren’t easily replaceable. They have long term staying power(pun intended). However, they’re still in the nascent stages of development and have a long way to go in terms of research and refinement. This makes them the best future stocks to invest in, and this is the right time to get in on the action.
Word Count - 800
Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries - Source: Mega Batteries |
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